PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.